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081-831-1054 (SL2) - Evacuate Casualties

Standards: Transported the casualties to medical aid or a pickup site using an appropriate carry or, if other soldiers are available, by litter. The litter was loaded onto a military vehicle (ground vehicle or rotary-wing aircraft) without dropping or causing further injury to the casualty.

Conditions:
You are a soldier deployed to a unit in
a forward area. There are casualties that
must be evacuated to receive medical aid.
The casualties have had self-aid or
buddy-aid applied. A military vehicle
(ground vehicle or rotary-wing aircraft) is
available. You may have a litter and straps
(or materials to improvise them) to secure
the casualty and other soldiers available to
assist in the evacuation.

Standards:
Transported the casualties to medical aid or
a pickup site using an appropriate carry or,
if other soldiers are available, by litter.
The litter was loaded onto a military
vehicle (ground vehicle or rotary-wing
aircraft) without dropping or causing
further injury to the casualty.

Performance
Steps

1.   Request medical evacuation. 
(See Task 081-831-0101.)

a.
Make contact.

b.
Determine whether
casualties must be moved or will be
picked up at current location.  If they must be moved, continue with step 2. 
If they will not be moved,
continue to monitor communications
and go to step 5.

2.   Transport a casualty using the one and two man
carries. 
(See STP 21-1-SMCT, Task
081-831-1046.)

Note.  Perform
these procedures when medical and
combat lifesaver personnel are not
available. 
As soon as medical personnel
are available, assist them, as
necessary, in treating and evacuating
the casualties.

3.   Move a casualty, if necessary, using a four-man
litter squad.

Note.  If military
vehicles and litter materials are not
available, continue with step 4.

Note.  Four-man
litter squad bearers should be
designated with a number from 1 to 4. 
The litter bearer designated as
#1 is the leader of the squad.

a.
Prepare the litter.

(1) 
Open a standard litter.

(2) 
Lock the spreader bars
at each end of the litter with
your foot.

b.
Prepare the casualty.

(1) 
Place the casualty onto
the litter using the modified
two-man arms carry or the modified
two-man fore-and-aft carry.

(2) 
Secure the casualty to
the litter with litter straps.

c.
Lift the litter.

(1) 
Position one squad
member at each litter handle with
the litter squad leader at the
casualty’s right shoulder.

Note.  The leader
should be at the right shoulder to
monitor the casualty’s condition.

(2) 
On the preparatory
command, "PREPARE TO LIFT,”
the four bearers kneel beside and
grasp the litter handles.

(3) 
On the command,
"LIFT,” all bearers rise
together.

(4) 
On the command,
"FOUR MAN CARRY, MOVE,” all
bearers walk forward in unison.

(a)  
If the casualty does
not have a fractured leg, carry
the casualty feet first on level
ground and head first when going
up hill.

(b)  
If the casualty has a
fractured leg, carry the
casualty head first, except when
going up hill.

(5) 
To change direction of
movement, such as from feet first to
head first, begin in a litter-post
carry position. 
The front and back bearers
release the litter and the middle
bearers rotate the litter and
themselves.

4.   Load casualties onto a military vehicle.

a.
Ground ambulance.

Note.  Ground
ambulances have medical specialists to
take care of the casualties during
evacuation. 
Follow any special instructions
for loading, securing, or unloading
casualties.

(1) 
Make sure each litter
casualty is secured to his or her
litter. 
(Use litter straps when
available.)

(2) 
Load the most serious
casualty last.

(3) 
Load the casualty head
first (head in the direction of
travel) rather than feet first.

(4) 
Make sure each litter
is secured to the vehicle.

b.
Air ambulance.

Note.  Air
ambulances have medical specialists to
take care of the casualties during
evacuation. 
Follow any special instructions
for loading, securing, or unloading
casualties.

(1) 
Remain 50 yards from
the helicopter until the litter
squad is signaled to approach the
aircraft.

(2) 
Approach the aircraft
in full view of the aircraft crew,
maintaining visual confirmation
that the crew is aware of the
approach of the litter party. 
Ensure that the aircrew can
continue to visually distinguish
friendly from enemy personnel at
all times. 
Maintain a low silhouette
when approaching the aircraft.

(3) 
Approach UH-60/UH-1
aircraft from the sides. 
Do not approach from the
front or rear. 
If you must move to the
opposite side of the aircraft,
approach from the side to the skin
of the aircraft. 
Then, hug the skin of the
aircraft, and move around the
front of the aircraft to the other
side.

(4) 
Load the most seriously
injured casualty last.

(5) 
Load the casualty who
will occupy the upper birth first,
then load the next litter casualty
immediately under the first
casualty.

Note.  This is
done to keep the casualty from
accidentally falling on another
casualty if his litter is dropped
before it is secured.

(6) 
When casualties are
placed lengthwise, position them
with their heads toward the
direction of travel.

(7) 
Make sure each litter
casualty is secured to his or her
litter.

(8) 
Make sure each litter
is secured to the aircraft.

c.
Ground military vehicles.

Note.  Nonmedical
military vehicles may be used to
evacuate casualties when no medical
evacuation vehicles are available.  
If medical personnel are
present, follow their instructions for
loading, securing, and unloading
casualties.

(1) 
When loading casualties
into the vehicle, load the most
seriously injured casualty last.

(2) 
When a casualty is
placed lengthwise, load the
casualty with his or her head
pointing forward, toward the
direction of travel.

(3) 
Ensure each litter
casualty is secured to the litter. 
(Use litter straps, if
available.)

(4) 
Secure each litter to
the vehicle as it is loaded into
place. 
Make sure each litter is
secured.

(5) 
Watch the casualties
closely for life-threatening
conditions and provide first aid,
as necessary.  (See STP 21-1-SMCT, Task 081-831-1000.)

Evaluation
Preparation:

Setup: Evaluate
this task during a training exercise
involving a MEDEVAC aircraft or vehicle, or
simulate it by creating a scenario, and
provide the equipment needed for the
evaluation.

Brief
Soldier:
Tell the soldiers the scenario
to include the end result desired.

Performance
Measures

GO

NO
GO

1.   Requested medical evacuation (not measured). 
(See Task 081-831-0101.)





2.   Transported a casualty using one- and two-man
carries, if necessary 
(not measured). 
(See STP 21-1-SMCT, Task
081-831-1046.)





3.   Moved a casualty using a four-man litter squad, if
necessary.





a.
Prepared the litter.

 


 


b.
Prepared
the casualty.

 


 


c.
Lifted
the litter.

 


 


4.   Loaded casualties onto a military vehicle.





a.
Ground ambulance.

 


 


b.
Air
ambulance.

 


 


c.
Ground
military vehicles.

 


 


Evaluation
Guidance:
Score the soldier GO if all
the performance measures are passed. Score
the soldier NO GO if any of the performance
measures are failed. If the soldier scores
NO GO, show what was done wrong and how to
do it correctly.

References

 

Required

Related

 

STP
21-1-SMCT

FM
4-25.11

 

 

FM
8-10-6


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